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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about religious and spiritual invocation. For the term meaning starting computer software, see <a href="Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">Execution (computing)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="Invocation_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Invocation (disambiguation)">Invocation (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef;font-size:170%;"><a href="Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="background:#ffffff"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Background</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_magic" title="History of magic">History of magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychological_theories_of_magic" title="Psychological theories of magic">Psychological theories of magic</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Forms</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_magic" title="Black magic">Black magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaos_magic" title="Chaos magic">Chaos magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li>

<li><a href="Evocation" title="Evocation">Evocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Goetia" title="Goetia">Goetia</a></li>

<li><a href="Gray_magic" title="Gray magic">Gray magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_magic" title="Natural magic">Natural magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sigil" title="Sigil">Sigils</a></li>

<li><a href="Sympathetic_magic" title="Sympathetic magic">Sympathetic magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li>

<li><a href="Theurgy" title="Theurgy">Theurgy</a></li>

<li><a href="White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Religion</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_views_on_magic" title="Christian views on magic">Christian views on magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Islam_and_magic" title="Islam and magic">Islam and magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li>

<li><a href="Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#ccccff;padding:0;color:#333399;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Divine_embodiment" title="Divine embodiment">Divine embodiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Incantation" title="Incantation">Incantation</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a><br></li>

<li><a href="Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Invocation</b> is the act of calling upon a <a href="Deity" title="Deity">deity</a>, <a href="Spirit_(supernatural_entity)" title="Spirit (supernatural entity)">spirit</a>, or <a href="Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> force, typically through <a href="Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>, <a href="Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a>, or spoken <a href="Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">formula</a>, to seek guidance, assistance, or presence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaude2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaude2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a practice found in numerous religious, spiritual, and <a href="Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">esoteric traditions</a>, where it serves to establish a connection between the human and the divine or metaphysical realms. Invocation can be directed toward a singular deity, multiple deities, spirits, or abstract forces, and may involve formal <a href="Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgies</a>, spontaneous prayers, chants, or symbolic actions. Unlike <a href="Evocation" title="Evocation">evocation</a>, which is generally understood as calling a spirit to appear outside the practitioner, invocation often implies inviting the entity to be present within or to closely align with the practitioner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliade1959_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliade1959-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The purpose of invocation varies across cultural and religious contexts. In many traditions, it is used to request <a href="Divine_intervention" title="Divine intervention">divine intervention</a>, protection, <a href="Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a>, or blessings in personal or communal matters. Invocation may also serve to <a href="Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrate</a> a space, mark the beginning of a sacred ritual, or facilitate a deeper <a href="Religious_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious experience">spiritual experience</a>. In <a href="Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystical</a> or esoteric practices, invocation can be a means of aligning oneself with a higher spiritual principle or <a href="Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a>, fostering personal transformation or <a href="Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">enlightenment</a>. In some traditions, the practitioner <a href="Ritual_identification" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual identification">ritually identifies</a> with the deity or spiritual figure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is distinct from <a href="Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">possession</a>, where the invoked being is believed to inhabit or act through the practitioner directly and autonomously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner1969_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner1969-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The scope of invocation is broad, encompassing a wide range of religious, <a href="Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magical</a>, and philosophical practices. In formal religious contexts, such as <a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, invocation is often integrated into prayers, hymns, and rituals. For example, <a href="Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgy</a> frequently includes invocations of the <a href="Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a> or saints, while Hindu <a href="Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">pujas</a> invoke various deities through <a href="Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a> and offerings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmart1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmart1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">ceremonial magic</a> and <a href="Theurgy" title="Theurgy">theurgy</a>, invocation is used to summon divine powers for guidance or to achieve specific spiritual outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuck2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuck2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, modern spiritual movements, such as <a href="Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a> and <a href="Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">modern Paganism</a>, employ invocation to call upon deities, elemental forces, or spirits of nature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton1999_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond religious practice, invocation has also been explored in psychological frameworks; <a href="Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>'s concept of active imagination involves engaging with archetypal figures from the <a href="Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious</a>, a process that parallels the symbolic aspects of invocation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJung1964_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJung1964-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_background">Historical background</h2></div>

<p>Invocation has played a central role in religious, spiritual, and magical practices across diverse cultures and historical periods. Its origins can be traced to ancient civilizations, where invoking deities or supernatural forces was integral to both public rituals and private devotion. As a supplication or <a href="Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>, an invocation calls upon <a href="God" title="God">God</a>, a god, or a <a href="Goddess" title="Goddess">goddess</a>, either in a pre-established form or in the practitioner's own words. An example of a pre-established text for an invocation is the <a href="Lord's_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGallusz2017ch._3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallusz2017ch._3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Ancient_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Mesopotamia">ancient Mesopotamia</a>, invocation was deeply embedded in religious ceremonies and daily life. The <a href="Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumerians</a>, <a href="Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadians</a>, and <a href="Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylonians</a> invoked their gods through <a href="Hymn" title="Hymn">hymns</a>, prayers, and ritual offerings to secure protection, favor, and guidance. Texts such as the <i><a href="En%C5%ABma_Eli%C5%A1" title="Enūma Eliš">Enūma Eliš</a></i>, the Babylonian <a href="Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myth</a>, begin with invocations to the gods, emphasizing their foundational role in maintaining cosmic order. Many preserved texts, written in <a href="Cuneiform_(script)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform (script)">cuneiform</a> characters on clay tablets, are addressed to <a href="Shamash" title="Shamash">Shamash</a>, <a href="Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>, and other deities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalley2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalley2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, invocation was central to both state-sponsored and personal religious practices. <a href="Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a> and priests invoked deities during temple rituals, often accompanied by offerings, music, and recitations from sacred texts such as the <i><a href="Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i>. These invocations were believed to maintain <i><a href="Ma%E2%80%99at" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma’at">ma’at</a></i> (cosmic balance) and ensure the favor of the gods for both the living and the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssmann2001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssmann2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, invocation was a vital element in both public and private worship. The <i><a href="Orphic_Hymns" title="Orphic Hymns">Orphic Hymns</a></i>, a collection of eighty-seven ancient Greek invocations addressed to various deities, were attributed to the mythical poet <a href="Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>. Poets such as <a href="Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> and <a href="Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> famously began their epic works with invocations to the <a href="Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a>, seeking divine inspiration to recount their tales. Religious ceremonies and <a href="Oracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracles">oracles</a>, like those at <a href="Oracle#Pythia_at_Delphi" title="Oracle">Delphi</a>, involved invoking gods such as <a href="Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> for prophecy and guidance. Invocation also played a role in the <a href="Mystery_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery religion">mystery religions</a>, including the <a href="Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian Mysteries</a>, where initiates called upon <a href="Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a> and <a href="Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> during secret rites aimed at securing blessings and insights into the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkert1985_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkert1985-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>, the adaptation of Greek religious practices retained invocation as a key feature. Roman religious rituals, including <a href="Augury" title="Augury">augury</a> and <a href="Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a>, required the formal invocation of deities such as <a href="Jupiter_(god)" title="Jupiter (god)">Jupiter</a>, <a href="Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>, and <a href="Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>. Legal and political ceremonies also incorporated invocations, emphasizing the close relationship between religion and governance in Roman society.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeard1998_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeard1998-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christianity</a>, invocation evolved into formalized prayers and <a href="Liturgies" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgies">liturgies</a>, often directed toward God, <a href="Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, or the <a href="Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>. Early Christians also invoked saints and martyrs, believing they could intercede with God on behalf of the faithful. Invocation was particularly significant in sacraments such as the <a href="Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>, where prayers called for the transformation of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This practice expanded during the <a href="Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> with the rise of Marian devotion and the invocation of the <a href="Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> in prayers like the <a href="Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a>.

</p><p>In <a href="Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, one of the earliest treaties on invocations, attributed to a scholar named <a href="Khalid_ibn_Yazid" title="Khalid ibn Yazid">Khālid ibn Yazīd</a>, has survived on a papyrus booklet dated 880-881.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETillier2022_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETillier2022-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Invocation has also been central in mystical and esoteric traditions. In <a href="Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> and <a href="Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a>, invocation was a key practice in <a href="Theurgy" title="Theurgy">theurgy</a>, where practitioners sought to ascend to <a href="Seven_heavens" title="Seven heavens">higher spiritual realms</a> by invoking divine intelligences. Texts in the <a href="Hermetica" title="Hermetica">Hermetic corpus</a> describe rituals where practitioners call upon cosmic forces for enlightenment and <a href="Divine_embodiment" title="Divine embodiment">union with the divine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowden1993_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowden1993-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In medieval <a href="Grimoire" title="Grimoire">grimoires</a>, invocation was used to summon <a href="Angel" title="Angel">angels</a> or spirits for magical purposes, often with complex rituals and protective incantations.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_major_religions">In the major religions</h2></div>

<p>In formal religious rituals, invocation often takes the form of structured prayers or liturgies. In <a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, invocations are integral to many sacraments and liturgical ceremonies. The <a href="Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> begins with invocations calling upon the <a href="Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>, and specific prayers invoke the presence of <a href="Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> or the <a href="Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> to consecrate the bread and wine during the <a href="Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaft1986_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaft1986-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <a href="Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a> invokes a list of saints to intercede on behalf of the congregation. In <a href="Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> traditions, invocations play a similar role, with prayers directed to the <i><a href="Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></i> (Mother of God) and various saints during services and sacraments. In <a href="Charismatic_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Charismatic Christian">charismatic Christian</a> traditions, invocation may manifest as spontaneous prayers or <a href="Speaking_in_tongues" title="Speaking in tongues">speaking in tongues</a>, believed to be inspired by the Holy Spirit.

</p><p>In <a href="Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, invocation is central to <a href="Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">puja</a> (ritual worship), where deities are called upon through <a href="Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a>, offerings, and ritual gestures. The process of <i><a href="Avahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Avahana">avahana</a></i> (inviting the deity) is a key step in many Hindu rituals, symbolizing the arrival of the divine presence into a <i><a href="Murti" title="Murti">murti</a></i> (sacred image) or ritual space. Mantras like the <a href="Gayatri_Mantra" title="Gayatri Mantra">Gayatri Mantra</a> or invocations to deities such as <a href="Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> are recited to seek blessings, wisdom, and protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlood2011_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlood2011-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, invocation (<span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="Dua" title="Dua">duʿāʾ</a></i></span>) is an essential aspect of personal and communal worship. While formal prayers (<i><a href="Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salat</a></i>) follow prescribed structures, <i>du'a</i> allows for spontaneous, personal invocations of <a href="Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> for guidance, forgiveness, and assistance. The <a href="99_Names_of_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="99 Names of Allah">99 Names of Allah</a> are often invoked in these prayers to reflect different aspects of divine mercy and power. Additionally, invocations are made before daily activities, such as beginning meals or embarking on journeys, highlighting the integration of invocation into everyday life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr1981_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr1981-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, invocation is commonly practiced through the chanting of mantras, prayers, and devotional recitations directed toward <a href="Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhas">Buddhas</a>, <a href="Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a>, or <a href="Dharmapala" title="Dharmapala">protective deities</a>. Rather than appealing to a creator god, these invocations seek guidance, blessings, and the cultivation of virtues such as <a href="Compassion" title="Compassion">compassion</a> and <a href="Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a>. In <a href="Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land Buddhism</a>, practitioners invoke <a href="Amitabha_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha Buddha">Amitabha Buddha</a> through the recitation of the <i><a href="Nianfo" title="Nianfo">nianfo</a></i>, aspiring for rebirth in the <a href="Pure_Land" title="Pure Land">Pure Land</a>. In <a href="Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> traditions, invocation involves complex rituals and <a href="Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">deity yoga</a>, where practitioners visualize themselves as enlightened beings like <a href="Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tara</a> or <a href="Avalokiteshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalokiteshvara">Avalokiteshvara</a> to embody their qualities and accelerate spiritual progress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnellgrove1987_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnellgrove1987-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_indigenous_and_shamanistic_traditions">In indigenous and shamanistic traditions</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Shamanism" title="Shamanism">indigenous and shamanistic traditions</a>, invocation is used to summon spirits, ancestors, or natural forces. Shamans often invoke spirit guides, animal totems, or elemental forces during healing rituals, <a href="Trance" title="Trance">trance</a> states, or <a href="Vision_quest" title="Vision quest">vision quests</a>. These invocations are believed to facilitate communication with the spirit world, allowing the shaman to receive guidance, perform healings, or influence natural phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliade1964_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliade1964-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many indigenous cultures, invocation is also central to rituals that honor ancestors or seek harmony with the natural world.

</p>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mysticism_and_esotericism">In mysticism and esotericism</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a> and <a href="Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a>, invocation serves as a means of aligning with higher spiritual forces or accessing hidden knowledge. In <a href="Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a> and <a href="Theurgy" title="Theurgy">theurgy</a>, practitioners invoke divine intelligences or cosmic principles to facilitate spiritual ascent or transformation. The <a href="Hermetica" title="Hermetica">Hermetic corpus</a> describes rituals in which the practitioner invokes celestial powers to achieve <a href="Gnosis" title="Gnosis">gnosis</a> (spiritual enlightenment) and union with the divine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowden1993_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowden1993-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalistic</a> traditions, practitioners may invoke the names of God or angelic beings through meditative and ritual practices to attain spiritual insights or achieve mystical states.

</p><p>In <a href="Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">ceremonial magic</a> and <a href="Grimoire" title="Grimoire">grimoire</a> traditions, invocation is often used to summon deities, angels, or spirits for specific purposes. Texts like the <i><a href="Key_of_Solomon" title="Key of Solomon">Key of Solomon</a></i> and <i><a href="The_Lesser_Key_of_Solomon" title="The Lesser Key of Solomon">The Lesser Key of Solomon</a></i> outline complex rituals for invoking spiritual entities, often accompanied by protective symbols, incantations, and ritual tools. These practices aim to establish control over the invoked entities to gain knowledge, power, or other desired outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkinner2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkinner2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> distinguished invocation from <a href="Evocation" title="Evocation">evocation</a>, stating:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997147_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997147-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<p>To "invoke" is to "call in", just as to "evoke" is to "call forth". This is the essential difference between the two branches of Magick. In invocation, the macrocosm floods the consciousness. In evocation, the magician, having become the macrocosm, creates a microcosm.

</p>

</blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_psychology">In psychology</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, invocation can be understood as a process of engaging with internal <a href="Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypes</a>, symbols, or aspects of the <a href="Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">unconscious mind</a>. While traditional invocation involves calling upon external deities or spiritual forces, psychological interpretations often view this practice as a means of accessing and integrating inner psychological elements. This perspective is particularly prominent in <a href="Analytical_psychology" title="Analytical psychology">analytical psychology</a>, founded by <a href="Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>.

</p><p>Jung introduced the concept of <a href="Active_imagination" title="Active imagination">active imagination</a>, a technique where individuals deliberately engage in dialogue with figures or symbols that emerge from the unconscious.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJung1964_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJung1964-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures often represent archetypes, such as the <a href="Shadow_(archetype)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow (archetype)">Shadow</a>, <a href="Anima_and_animus" title="Anima and animus">Anima/Animus</a>, or <a href="Wise_Old_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Wise Old Man">Wise Old Man</a>, which are universal symbols found across cultures. In this process, the practitioner "invokes" these inner figures, not as literal beings, but as manifestations of deeper psychological truths. By interacting with these symbols, individuals can achieve greater self-awareness, confront repressed emotions, and facilitate personal growth—a process Jung called <a href="Individuation" title="Individuation">individuation</a>.

</p><p>Invocation in this context is also related to the concept of self-suggestion and affirmation, where individuals use specific language or rituals to influence their mental and emotional states. This can be seen in practices like visualization, mantra repetition, and affirmations, which aim to align the conscious mind with desired goals or emotional outcomes.

</p><p>Moreover, invocation has been studied within the field of <a href="Transpersonal_psychology" title="Transpersonal psychology">transpersonal psychology</a>, which examines the spiritual aspects of human experience. Here, invocation is viewed as a way to transcend the ego and connect with a larger sense of self, the universe, or the divine, whether interpreted literally or symbolically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrof1988_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrof1988-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_modern_spiritual_practice">In modern spiritual practice</h2></div>

<p>In modern spiritual movements, invocation continues to play a significant role. In <a href="Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a> and <a href="Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">modern Paganism</a>, invocation is used to call upon deities, elemental forces, or spirits of nature during rituals and seasonal celebrations. The <a href="Drawing_down_the_Moon_(ritual)" title="Drawing down the Moon (ritual)">Drawing Down the Moon</a> ritual, for example, involves invoking the <a href="Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a> to speak or act through the practitioner, fostering a direct connection with the divine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton1999_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> practices, invocation may involve calling upon <a href="Spirit_guide" title="Spirit guide">spirit guides</a>, <a href="Ascended_master" title="Ascended master">ascended masters</a>, or cosmic energies for personal growth, healing, or manifestation.

</p><p>In the currents of early <a href="Theistic_Satanism" title="Theistic Satanism">theistic Satanism</a>, <a href="Temple_of_Zeus_(organization)" title="Temple of Zeus (organization)">Maxine Dietrich</a> introduced the concept of 'respectful' invocation. Unlike earlier methods of Goetic summoning, which often involved commanding or coercing spirits, this approach emphasized a more respectful and cooperative relationship with the entities being invoked.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_form_of_possession">As a form of possession</h2></div>

<p>The ecstatic, possessory form of invocation may be compared to <a href="Loa" class="mw-redirect" title="Loa">loa</a> possession in the <a href="West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">Vodou</a> tradition where devotees are described as being "ridden" or "mounted" by the deity or spirit. In 1995 <a href="National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a> journalist <a href="Carol_Beckwith" title="Carol Beckwith">Carol Beckwith</a> described events she had witnessed during Vodoun possessions:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith1995_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith1995-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>A woman splashed sand into her eyes, a man cut his belly with shards of glass but did not bleed, another swallowed fire. Nearby a believer, perhaps a yam farmer or fisherman, heated hand-wrought knives in crackling flames. Then another man brought one of the knives to his tongue. We cringed at the sight and were dumbfounded when, after several repetitions, his tongue had not even reddened.

</p>

</blockquote>

<p>Possessive invocation has also been described in certain Norse rites where <a href="Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> is invoked to "ride" workers of <a href="Seidr" class="mw-redirect" title="Seidr">seidr</a> (Norse shamanism), much like the god rides his eight-legged horse <a href="Sleipnir" title="Sleipnir">Sleipnir</a>. Indeed, forms of possessive invocation appear throughout the world in most mystical or ecstatic traditions, wherever devotees seek to touch upon the essence of a deity or spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallis200396_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallis200396-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Prana_pratishtha" title="Prana pratishtha"><i>Prana pratishtha</i></a> – Hindu religious ceremony</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaude2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaude2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaude2006">Laude (2006)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliade1959-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliade1959_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEliade1959">Eliade (1959)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanegraaff2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanegraaff2012">Hanegraaff (2012)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETurner1969-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurner1969_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurner1969">Turner (1969)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmart1998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmart1998_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmart1998">Smart (1998)</a>.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutton1999-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton1999_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutton1999_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutton1999">Hutton (1999)</a>.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallusz2017ch._3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGallusz2017ch._3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGallusz2017">Gallusz (2017)</a>, ch. 3.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalley2008-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalley2008_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDalley2008">Dalley (2008)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssmann2001-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssmann2001_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAssmann2001">Assmann (2001)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkert1985-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkert1985_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkert1985">Burkert (1985)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeard1998-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeard1998_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeard1998">Beard (1998)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerguson1999_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFerguson1999">Ferguson (1999)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETillier2022-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETillier2022_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTillier2022">Tillier (2022)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFowden1993-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowden1993_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFowden1993_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFowden1993">Fowden (1993)</a>.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlood2011-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlood2011_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlood2011">Flood (2011)</a>.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnellgrove1987-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnellgrove1987_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnellgrove1987">Snellgrove (1987)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliade1964-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEliade1964_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEliade1964">Eliade (1964)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkinner2015-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkinner2015_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkinner2015">Skinner (2015)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley1997147-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley1997147_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1997">Crowley (1997)</a>, p. 147.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckwith1995-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckwith1995_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckwith1995">Beckwith (1995)</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallis200396-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallis200396_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallis2003">Wallis (2003)</a>, p. 96.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAssmann2001" class="citation book cs1">Assmann, Jan (2001). <i>The Search for God in Ancient Egypt</i>. Cornell University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBeard1998" class="citation book cs1">Beard, Mary (1998). <i>Religions of Rome: Volume 1, A History</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBeckwith1995" class="citation journal cs1">Beckwith, Carol (August 1995). "The African Roots of Voodoo". <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>188</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">102–</span>113.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBurkert1985" class="citation book cs1">Burkert, Walter (1985). <i>Greek Religion</i>. Harvard University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley, Aleister</a> (1997). <a href="Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)"><i>Magick: Liber ABA, Book 4, Parts I-IV</i></a> (2nd rev. ed.). Boston: Weiser. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87728-919-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFDalley2008" class="citation book cs1">Dalley, Stephanie (2008). <i>Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEliade1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Eliade, Mircea</a> (1959). <i>The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion</i>. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEliade1964" class="citation book cs1">Eliade, Mircea (1964). <i>Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFerguson1999" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Everett (1999). <i>Early Christians Speak: Faith and Life in the First Three Centuries</i>. ACU Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFlood2011" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Gavin (2011). <i>The Importance of Religion: Meaning and Action in Our Strange World</i>. John Wiley & Sons.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFowden1993" class="citation book cs1">Fowden, Garth (1993). <i>The Egyptian Hermes: A Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGallusz2017" class="citation book cs1">Gallusz, L. (2017). <i>The Seven Prayers of Jesus</i>. IVP. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-78359-568-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGrof1988" class="citation book cs1">Grof, Stanislav (1988). <i>The Adventure of Self-Discovery: Dimensions of Consciousness and New Perspectives in Psychotherapy and Inner Exploration</i>. SUNY Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHanegraaff2012" class="citation book cs1">Hanegraaff, W. J. (2012). <i>Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHutton1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton">Hutton, Ronald</a> (1999). <i>The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJung1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung, Carl</a> (1964). <i>Man and His Symbols</i>. Aldus Books.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLaude2006" class="citation book cs1">Laude, Robert, ed. (2006). "Introduction". <i>Pray Without Ceasing: The Way of the Invocation in World Religions</i>. World Wisdom. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-933316-14-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLuck2006" class="citation book cs1">Luck, Georg (2006). <i>Arcana Mundi: Magic and the Occult in the Greek and Roman Worlds</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8018-8346-0</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNasr1981" class="citation book cs1">Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1981). <i>Islamic Life and Thought</i>. State University of New York Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSkinner2015" class="citation book cs1">Skinner, Stephen (2015). <i>Techniques of Solomonic Magic</i>. Golden Hoard Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmart1998" class="citation book cs1">Smart, Ninian (1998). <i>The World's Religions</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-63139-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSnellgrove1987" class="citation book cs1">Snellgrove, David (1987). <i>Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and Their Tibetan Successors</i>. Shambhala Publications.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTaft1986" class="citation book cs1">Taft, Robert (1986). <i>The Liturgy of the Hours in East and West: The Origins of the Divine Office and Its Meaning for Today</i>. Liturgical Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTillier2022" class="citation book cs1">Tillier, Mathieu (2022). <i>Supplier Dieu dans l'Égypte toulounide : le florilège de l'invocation d'après Ḫālid b. Yazīd (IIIe/IXe siècle)</i>. Naïm Vanthieghem. Leiden. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-90-04-52180-3</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1343008841">1343008841</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)</span></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTurner1969" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Victor (1969). <i>The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure</i>. Aldine Publishing Company.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWallis2003" class="citation book cs1">Wallis, Robert J. (2003). <i>Shamans/Neo-Shamans: Ecstasies, Alternative Archaeologies and Contemporary Pagans</i>. Routledge. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-415-30202-1</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/invocation" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/invocation"><i>invocation</i></a> at Wiktionary

</p>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thelema154" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Thelema154" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ecclesia_Gnostica_Catholica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica">Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraternitas_Saturni" title="Fraternitas Saturni">Fraternitas Saturni</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn">Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li>

<li><a href="Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li>

<li><a href="Society_Ordo_Templi_Orientis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society Ordo Templi Orientis">Society Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li>

<li><a href="Thelemic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn">Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li>

<li><a href="Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Thelemites" title="List of Thelemites">List of Thelemites</a></li>

<li><a href="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu_i" title="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i">Ankh-af-na-khonsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Henry_Allan_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Allan Bennett">Allan Bennett</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Breeze" title="William Breeze">William Breeze</a></li>

<li><a href="Mary_Butts" title="Mary Butts">Mary Butts</a></li>

<li><a href="Marjorie_Cameron" title="Marjorie Cameron">Marjorie Cameron</a></li>

<li><a href="Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">Lon Milo DuQuette</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeanne_Robert_Foster" title="Jeanne Robert Foster">Jeanne Robert Foster</a></li>

<li><a href="J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li>

<li><a href="Karl_Germer" title="Karl Germer">Karl Germer</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_Grant_(occultist)" title="Kenneth Grant (occultist)">Kenneth Grant</a></li>

<li><a href="Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li>

<li><a href="Leah_Hirsig" title="Leah Hirsig">Leah Hirsig</a></li>

<li><a href="Christopher_Hyatt" title="Christopher Hyatt">Christopher Hyatt</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Stansfeld_Jones" title="Charles Stansfeld Jones">Charles Stansfeld Jones</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Cecil_Jones" title="George Cecil Jones">George Cecil Jones</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Richard Kaczynski</a></li>

<li><a href="Rose_Edith_Kelly" title="Rose Edith Kelly">Rose Edith Kelly</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">James Lees</a></li>

<li><a href="Grady_Louis_McMurtry" title="Grady Louis McMurtry">Grady Louis McMurtry</a></li>

<li><a href="Mogg_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogg Morgan">Mogg Morgan</a></li>

<li><a href="Marcelo_Ramos_Motta" title="Marcelo Ramos Motta">Marcelo Ramos Motta</a></li>

<li><a href="Nema_Andahadna" title="Nema Andahadna">Nema Andahadna</a></li>

<li><a href="Victor_Neuburg_(poet)" title="Victor Neuburg (poet)">Victor Neuburg</a></li>

<li><a href="Sara_Northrup_Hollister" title="Sara Northrup Hollister">Sara Northrup</a></li>

<li><a href="Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a></li>

<li><a href="Helen_Parsons_Smith" title="Helen Parsons Smith">Helen Parsons Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodor_Reuss" title="Theodor Reuss">Theodor Reuss</a></li>

<li><a href="C._F._Russell" title="C. F. Russell">C. F. Russell</a></li>

<li><a href="Phyllis_Seckler" title="Phyllis Seckler">Phyllis Seckler</a></li>

<li><a href="Wilfred_Talbot_Smith" title="Wilfred Talbot Smith">Wilfred Talbot Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Leila_Waddell" title="Leila Waddell">Leila Waddell</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Wasserman" title="James Wasserman">James Wasserman</a></li>

<li><a href="Sam_Webster_(writer)" title="Sam Webster (writer)">Sam Webster</a></li>

<li><a href="Jane_Wolfe" title="Jane Wolfe">Jane Wolfe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thelemic texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aleister_Crowley_bibliography" title="Aleister Crowley bibliography">Aleister Crowley bibliography</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law"><i>The Book of the Law</i> (<i>Liber AL vel Legis</i>)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Book_of_Thoth_(Crowley)" title="The Book of Thoth (Crowley)">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Clouds_without_Water" title="Clouds without Water">Clouds without Water</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Collected_Works_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="Collected Works of Aleister Crowley">Collected Works</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Confessions_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="The Confessions of Aleister Crowley">Confessions</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Diary_of_a_Drug_Fiend" title="The Diary of a Drug Fiend">The Diary of a Drug Fiend</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Eight_Lectures_on_Yoga" title="Eight Lectures on Yoga">Eight Lectures on Yoga</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Equinox" title="The Equinox">The Equinox</a></i>

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Blue_Equinox" title="The Blue Equinox">The Blue Equinox</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Equinox_of_the_Gods" title="The Equinox of the Gods">The Equinox of the Gods</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Holy_Books_of_Thelema" title="The Holy Books of Thelema">The Holy Books of Thelema</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="777_and_Other_Qabalistic_Writings_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley">Liber 777</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Liber_Aleph" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Aleph">Liber Aleph</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Liber_OZ" title="Liber OZ">Liber OZ</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Liber_Pennae_Praenumbra" title="Liber Pennae Praenumbra">Liber Pennae Praenumbra</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Liber_Resh" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Resh">Liber Resh</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Liber_Trigrammaton" title="Liber Trigrammaton">Liber Trigrammaton</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Little_Essays_Toward_Truth" title="Little Essays Toward Truth">Little Essays Toward Truth</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)">Magick (Book 4)</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Magick_Without_Tears" title="Magick Without Tears">Magick Without Tears</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Moonchild_(novel)" title="Moonchild (novel)">Moonchild</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="One_Star_in_Sight" title="One Star in Sight">One Star in Sight</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Stratagem_and_other_Stories" title="The Stratagem and other Stories">The Stratagem and other Stories</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Vision_and_the_Voice" title="The Vision and the Voice">The Vision and the Voice</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="White_Stains" title="White Stains">White Stains</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">Abyss</a></li>

<li><a href="Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></li>

<li><a href="Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li>

<li><a href="Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li>

<li><a href="English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">English Qaballa</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li>

<li><a href="Guardian_angel#Thelema" title="Guardian angel">Holy Guardian Angel</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_of_Pan" title="Night of Pan">Night of Pan</a></li>

<li><a href="Stele_of_Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu" title="Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu">Stele of Revealing</a></li>

<li><a href="Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Stellar wisdom</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magick</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abrahadabra" title="Abrahadabra">Abrahadabra</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a></li>

<li><a href="Goetia" title="Goetia">Goetia</a></li>

<li><a href="Obeah_and_wanga" title="Obeah and wanga">Obeah and wanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremony and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Liber_Resh_vel_Helios" title="Liber Resh vel Helios">Liber Resh</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentagram_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagram ritual">Pentagram Ritual</a></li>

<li><a href="Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a></li>

<li><a href="Liber_XV%2C_The_Gnostic_Mass" title="Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a></li>

<li><a href="Rites_of_Eleusis" title="Rites of Eleusis">Rites of Eleusis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Godforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li>

<li><a href="Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a></li>

<li><a href="Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion</a></li>

<li><a href="Babalon" title="Babalon">Babalon</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li>

<li><a href="Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentagram" title="Pentagram">Pentagram</a></li>

<li><a href="Rose_Cross" title="Rose Cross">Rose Cross</a></li>

<li><a href="Unicursal_hexagram" title="Unicursal hexagram">Unicursal hexagram</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a></li>

<li><a href="Abramelin_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abramelin oil">Abramelin oil</a></li>

<li><a href="Agape_Lodge" title="Agape Lodge">Agape Lodge</a></li>

<li><a href="Boleskine_House" title="Boleskine House">Boleskine House</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">Book of Abramelin</a></li>

<li><a href="Cake_of_Light" title="Cake of Light">Cake of Light</a></li>

<li><a href="Choronzon" title="Choronzon">Choronzon</a></li>

<li><a href="Dianism" title="Dianism">Dianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li>

<li><a href="IPSOS" class="mw-redirect" title="IPSOS">IPSOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_alphabet" title="Magical alphabet">Magical alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Solar deity</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Lodge" title="Solar Lodge">Solar Lodge</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li>

<li><a href="Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neopagan_witchcraft141" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Neopagan_witchcraft141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Wicca" title="History of Wicca">History of Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Etymology_of_Wicca" title="Etymology of Wicca">Etymology of Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_pagan_views_on_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern pagan views on LGBT people">Wicca and LGBT people</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Dettmer_v._Landon" title="Dettmer v. Landon">Dettmer v. Landon</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="British_Traditional_Wicca" class="mw-redirect" title="British Traditional Wicca">British Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Alexandrian Wicca">Alexandrian Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Blue_Star_Wicca" title="Blue Star Wicca">Blue Star Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Valley_Wicca" title="Central Valley Wicca">Central Valley Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Chthonioi_Alexandrian_Wicca" title="Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca">Chthonioi Alexandrian Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Gardnerian_Wicca" title="Gardnerian Wicca">Gardnerian Wicca</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1734_Tradition" title="1734 Tradition">1734 Tradition</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Church_and_School_of_Wicca" title="Church and School of Wicca">Church and School of Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Cochrane's_Craft" title="Cochrane's Craft">Cochrane's Craft</a></li>

<li><a href="Raymond_Howard_(Wiccan)" title="Raymond Howard (Wiccan)">Coven of Atho</a></li>

<li><a href="Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Faery_Wicca" title="Faery Wicca">Faery Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_Wicca" title="Georgian Wicca">Georgian Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Odyssean_Wicca" title="Odyssean Wicca">Odyssean Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li>

<li><a href="Stregheria" title="Stregheria">Stregheria</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Eclectic_Wicca" title="Universal Eclectic Wicca">Universal Eclectic Wicca</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br>figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gerald_Gardner" title="Gerald Gardner">Gerald Gardner</a></li>

<li><a href="Doreen_Valiente" title="Doreen Valiente">Doreen Valiente</a></li>

<li><a href="Alex_Sanders_(Wiccan)" title="Alex Sanders (Wiccan)">Alex Sanders</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxine_Sanders" title="Maxine Sanders">Maxine Sanders</a></li>

<li><a href="Sybil_Leek" title="Sybil Leek">Sybil Leek</a></li>

<li><a href="Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li>

<li><a href="Victor_Henry_Anderson" title="Victor Henry Anderson">Victor Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleanor_Bone" title="Eleanor Bone">Artemis</a></li>

<li><a href="Gavin_Bone" title="Gavin Bone">Gavin Bone</a></li>

<li><a href="Lois_Bourne" title="Lois Bourne">Lois Bourne</a></li>

<li><a href="Jack_L._Bracelin" title="Jack L. Bracelin">Jack Bracelin</a></li>

<li><a href="Raymond_Buckland" title="Raymond Buckland">Raymond Buckland</a></li>

<li><a href="Eddie_Buczynski" title="Eddie Buczynski">Eddie Buczynski</a></li>

<li><a href="Zsuzsanna_Budapest" title="Zsuzsanna Budapest">Zsuzsanna Budapest</a></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Cardell" title="Charles Cardell">Charles Cardell</a></li>

<li><a href="Ipsita_Roy_Chakraverti" title="Ipsita Roy Chakraverti">Ipsita Roy Chakraverti</a></li>

<li><a href="Patricia_Crowther_(Wiccan)" title="Patricia Crowther (Wiccan)">Patricia Crowther</a></li>

<li><a href="Vivianne_Crowley" title="Vivianne Crowley">Vivianne Crowley</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Cochrane_(witch)" title="Robert Cochrane (witch)">Robert Cochrane</a></li>

<li><a href="Scott_Cunningham" title="Scott Cunningham">Scott Cunningham</a></li>

<li><a href="Phyllis_Curott" title="Phyllis Curott">Phyllis Curott</a></li>

<li><a href="Cerridwen_Fallingstar" title="Cerridwen Fallingstar">Cerridwen Fallingstar</a></li>

<li><a href="Janet_Farrar" title="Janet Farrar">Janet Farrar</a></li>

<li><a href="Stewart_Farrar" title="Stewart Farrar">Stewart Farrar</a></li>

<li><a href="Raven_Grimassi" title="Raven Grimassi">Raven Grimassi</a></li>

<li><a href="Gavin_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavin Frost">Gavin Frost</a></li>

<li><a href="Yvonne_Frost" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvonne Frost">Yvonne Frost</a></li>

<li><a href="Philip_Heselton" title="Philip Heselton">Philip Heselton</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederic_Lamond_(Wiccan)" title="Frederic Lamond (Wiccan)">Frederic Lamond</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosaleen_Norton" title="Rosaleen Norton">Rosaleen Norton</a></li>

<li><a href="Silver_RavenWolf" title="Silver RavenWolf">Silver RavenWolf</a></li>

<li><a href="Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Bearwalker_Wilson" title="Joseph Bearwalker Wilson">Joseph Wilson</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Triple_Goddess_(Neopaganism)" title="Triple Goddess (Neopaganism)">Triple Goddess</a></li>

<li><a href="Horned_God" title="Horned God">Horned God</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_Man" title="Green Man">Green Man</a>

<ul><li><a href="Green_man_(spirit_of_nature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green man (spirit of nature)">Spirit of nature</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Holly_King_and_Oak_King" title="Holly King and Oak King">Holly King / Oak King</a></li>

<li><a href="Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">Mother goddess</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key<br>concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiccan_morality" title="Wiccan morality">Wiccan morality</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiccan_Rede" title="Wiccan Rede">Wiccan Rede</a></li>

<li><a href="Rule_of_Three_(Wicca)" title="Rule of Three (Wicca)">Rule of Three</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiccan_views_of_divinity" title="Wiccan views of divinity">Wiccan views of divinity</a></li>

<li><a href="Coven" title="Coven">Coven</a></li>

<li><a href="Craft_name" title="Craft name">Craft name</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witchcraft</a></li>

<li><a href="White_magic" title="White magic">White magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Otherworld" title="Otherworld">Otherworld</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Summerland" title="The Summerland">The Summerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li>

<li><a href="Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li>

<li><a href="Skyclad_(Neopaganism)" title="Skyclad (Neopaganism)">Skyclad</a></li>

<li><a href="Summoner_(Wicca)" title="Summoner (Wicca)">Summoner</a></li>

<li><a href="Watchtower_(magic)" title="Watchtower (magic)">Watchtower</a></li>

<li><a href="Familiar" title="Familiar">Familiar</a></li>

<li><a href="Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites<br> and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Drawing_down_the_Moon_(ritual)" title="Drawing down the Moon (ritual)">Drawing down the Moon</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_rite" title="Great rite">Great rite</a></li>

<li><a href="Handfasting" title="Handfasting">Handfasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiccaning" title="Wiccaning">Wiccaning</a></li>

<li><a href="Fivefold_kiss" title="Fivefold kiss">Fivefold kiss</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_circle" title="Magic circle">Magic circle</a></li>

<li><a href="Cone_of_power" title="Cone of power">Cone of power</a></li>

<li><a href="Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Scrying" title="Scrying">Scrying</a></li>

<li><a href="Incantation" title="Incantation">Spellwork / Incantation</a></li>

<li><a href="Banishing" title="Banishing">Banishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li>

<li><a href="Initiation" title="Initiation">Initiation</a></li>

<li><a href="Rite_of_passage" title="Rite of passage">Rite of passage</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Eko_Eko_Azarak" title="Eko Eko Azarak">Eko Eko Azarak</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Solitary_practitioner" title="Solitary practitioner">Solitary practitioner</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiral_dance" title="Spiral dance">Spiral dance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wheel of the Year</a></li>

<li><a href="Solstice" title="Solstice">Solstice</a></li>

<li><a href="Equinox" title="Equinox">Equinox</a></li>

<li><a href="Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li>

<li><a href="%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ostara</a></li>

<li><a href="Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a></li>

<li><a href="Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Midsummer</a></li>

<li><a href="Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a></li>

<li><a href="Wheel_of_the_Year#Autumnal_equinox_(Mabon)" title="Wheel of the Year">Mabon</a></li>

<li><a href="Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a></li>

<li><a href="Esbat" title="Esbat">Esbat</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paraphernalia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Magical_tools_in_Wicca" title="Magical tools in Wicca">Magical tools in Wicca</a></li>

<li><a href="Altar_(Wicca)" title="Altar (Wicca)">Altar</a></li>

<li><a href="Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li>

<li><a href="Athame" title="Athame">Athame</a></li>

<li><a href="Besom" title="Besom">Besom</a></li>

<li><a href="Boline" title="Boline">Boline</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_of_Shadows" title="Book of Shadows">Book of Shadows</a></li>

<li><a href="Candle" title="Candle">Candles</a></li>

<li><a href="Cauldron" title="Cauldron">Cauldron</a></li>

<li><a href="Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li>

<li><a href="Chalice#Wicca" title="Chalice">Chalice/Goblet</a></li>

<li><a href="Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a></li>

<li><a href="Parchment" title="Parchment">Parchment</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentacle" title="Pentacle">Pentacle</a></li>

<li><a href="Runic_magic#Modern_systems" title="Runic magic">Runes</a></li>

<li><a href="Scourge" title="Scourge">Scourge</a></li>

<li><a href="Figurine" title="Figurine">Statue</a></li>

<li><a href="Talisman" title="Talisman">Talisman</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarot" title="Tarot">Tarot deck</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch's_ladder" title="Witch's ladder">Witch's ladder</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Aradia%2C_or_the_Gospel_of_the_Witches" title="Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches">Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Meaning_of_Witchcraft" title="The Meaning of Witchcraft">The Meaning of Witchcraft</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Spiral_Dance" title="The Spiral Dance">The Spiral Dance</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="What_Witches_Do" title="What Witches Do">What Witches Do</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Witchcraft_Today" title="Witchcraft Today">Witchcraft Today</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Charge_of_the_Goddess" title="Charge of the Goddess">Charge of the Goddess</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Enchanted_Feminism" title="Enchanted Feminism">Enchanted Feminism</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Neopagan_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Neopagan movements">List of Wiccan organisations</a></li>

<li><a href="Bricket_Wood_coven" title="Bricket Wood coven">Bricket Wood coven</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Forest_coven" title="New Forest coven">New Forest coven</a></li>

<li><a href="Neopagan_witchcraft" title="Neopagan witchcraft">Neopagan witchcraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch-cult_hypothesis" title="Witch-cult hypothesis">Witch-cult hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Left-hand_path_and_right-hand_path" title="Left-hand path and right-hand path">Left-hand path and right-hand path</a></li>

<li><a href="Cunning_folk_in_Britain" title="Cunning folk in Britain">Cunning folk in Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="European_witchcraft" title="European witchcraft">European witchcraft</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Folk_healer#Granny_women" title="Folk healer">Granny woman</a></li>

<li><a href="Cunning_folk" title="Cunning folk">Cunning folk</a></li>

<li>Magical alphabets

<ul><li><a href="Runes" title="Runes">Runes</a></li>

<li><a href="Theban_alphabet" title="Theban alphabet">Theban</a></li>

<li><a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li>

<li><a href="Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li>

<li><a href="Witches'_Sabbath" title="Witches' Sabbath">Witches' Sabbath</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_ointment" title="Flying ointment">Flying ointment</a></li>

<li><a href="Museum_of_Witchcraft_and_Magic" title="Museum of Witchcraft and Magic">Museum of Witchcraft and Magic</a></li>

<li><a href="Witchcraft_Research_Association" title="Witchcraft Research Association">Witchcraft Research Association</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671839#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata869" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671839#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata869" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4291290-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Invocation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85067760">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558172005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/15cbb014-8ea9-4494-b1dc-9bc960f011ab">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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